Difference Between Piston and Gear Pumps

Two of the more common types of hydraulic pumps are piston pumps and gear pumps. Different pump types accommodate a wide range of applications, from industrial die presses to heavy-duty off road equipment. Since hydraulic systems can vary greatly from another, choosing the best pump is essential to ensure optimal performance.

What Is a Hydraulic Piston Pump?

A hydraulic piston pump is a positive displacement pump that uses pistons to transfer hydraulic fluid under pressure. The pistons move in and out of the cylinder, creating pressure that forces the fluid through a discharge port. Hydraulic piston pumps are commonly used to power construction machinery, such as excavators, bulldozers, and industrial equipment, including presses, mixers, and other machinery.

There are many different models that can displace a specific amount of fluid, ranging from 4,000 psi up to 14,500 psi. Some allow you to adjust the displacement per revolution, which can make them more energy efficient. However, piston pumps are relatively complex in design and expensive, but practical in energy-efficient applications that require higher pressures and effective oil flow control.

What Is a Hydraulic Gear Pump?

A hydraulic gear pump is also a positive displacement pump that uses gears to transfer fluid under pressure. The gears rotate in opposite directions, creating pressure that forces the fluid through a discharge port. Hydraulic gear pumps are commonly used in applications where consistent performance is required and low pressures are suitable.

A hydraulic gear pump is a lower-cost option and is quite durable, with many options available. The typical pressure rating is about 3,000 psi, but many displacement sizes and pressures can be found. Some gear pumps are rated as high as 4,500 psi, although additional valves will be needed in systems that require regular flow adjustments.

Key Differences

The key differences between a hydraulic piston pump and a hydraulic gear pump are the type of mechanism used to move the fluid (pistons vs. gears) and their respective output characteristics. Hydraulic piston pumps have higher flow rates and more rapid cycling capabilities. On the other hand, hydraulic gear pumps offer smoother operation at lower RPMs than piston pumps.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Piston Pumps

Piston pumps offer the highest pressures to perform a wide range of operations. In addition, they can vary fluid displacement much more efficiently than gear pumps. However, the disadvantage of piston pumps is they are more expensive. Yet, the increased cost is offset by improved efficiency. 

Advantages and Disadvantages of Gear Pumps

On the other hand, gear pumps are considered very reliable and long-lasting due to their simplistic design. Additionally, they require less maintenance and cost less compared to piston pumps. However, they may not operate at high enough pressures for every application and do not offer variable displacement pumping.

Choosing the Right Pump for You

Choosing the right pump is essential to ensure your hydraulic system operates correctly. When you need our advice, White House Products, Ltd. is here to help. We are happy to recommend the perfect pump to suit your needs.

Additionally, we offer access to an extensive inventory of hydraulic pumps, motors, and related parts. Contact us at +44 (0)1475 742500 for more information.